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"MAHATMA GANDHI" -
Father of Nation
Mohandas
Karamchand Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, India. He became one of the
most respected spiritual and political leaders of the 1900's. Gandhi Ji helped free the
Indian people from British rule through nonviolent resistance, and is honored by Indians
as the father of the Indian Nation.
The Indian people called Gandhiji 'Mahatma', meaning Great Soul. At the age of 13 Gandhi
married Kasturba, a girl the same age. Their parents arranged the marriage. The Gandhis
had four children. Gandhi studied law in London and returned to India in 1891 to practice.
In 1893 he took on a one-year contract to do legal work in South Africa.
At the time the British controlled South Africa. When he attempted to claim his rights as
a British subject he was abused, and soon saw that all Indians suffered similar treatment.
Gandhi stayed in South Africa for 21 years working to secure rights for Indian people.
He developed a method of action based upon the principles of courage, nonviolence and
truth called Satyagraha. He believed that the way people behave is more important than
what they achieve. Satyagraha promoted nonviolence and civil disobedience as the most
appropriate methods for obtaining political and social goals. In 1915 Gandhi returned to
India. Within 15 years he became the leader of the Indian nationalist movement.
Using the principles of Satyagraha he led the campaign for Indian independence from
Britain. Gandhi was arrested many times by the British for his activities in South Africa
and India. He believed it was honorable to go to jail for a just cause. Altogether he
spent seven years in prison for his political activities.
More than once Gandhi used fasting to impress upon others the need to be nonviolent. India
was granted independence in 1947, and partitioned into India and Pakistan. Rioting between
Hindus and Muslims followed. Gandhi had been an advocate for a united India where Hindus
and Muslims lived together in peace.
On January 13, 1948, at the age of 78, he began a fast with the purpose of stopping the
bloodshed. After 5 days the opposing leaders pledged to stop the fighting and Gandhi broke
his fast. Twelve days later a Hindu fanatic, Nathuram Godse who opposed his program of
tolerance for all creeds and religion assassinated him.
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